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DEVELOPED COUNTRY CLIMATE FINANCING INITIATIVES WEAKEN THE UNFCCC. South Center, January 2009. Issues of financing the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) for developing countries are based on lack of fiscal support from developed countries, the Parties listed in Annex 1 of the convention. The paper notes that Parties with their official development assistance (ODA) and climate financing commitments prefer to use non-UNFCCC vehicles for providing financial assistance to developing countries. In conclusion the paper discusses the importance of making the UNFCCC financial mechanism the primary vehicle for which public financing would be channelled to developing countries. http://www.southcentre.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=909&Itemid=1
BIOSAFETY DECISIONS AND PERCEIVED COMMERCIAL RISKS: THE ROLE OF GM-FREE PRIVATE STANDARDS. By Guillaume Gruère and Debdatta Sengupta, 2009 February. This paper observes the discrepancy of real and perceived commercial risks associated with GM-products in developing countries. Based on field visits to South Africa, Namibia, and Kenya in June 2007 and secondary information from other publications the authors conclude that there are three types of relevant commercial risks: real risks, potential risks, and unproven risks. Suggesting a simple framework to separate real commercial risks from others, the authors argue, will helping decision makers identify the difference between real commercial risks when they face pressures to reject GM crop testing, application, consumption, or use for fear of alleged export losses. http://www.ifpri.org/pubs/dp/ifpridp00847.asp
SHOULD ASIAN COUNTRIES ADOPT GM CROPS DESPITE TRADE REGULATIONS? A POLICY SIMULATION IN INDIA, BANGLADESH, INDONESIA, AND THE PHILIPPINES. By Guillaume Gruère, 2009 January. The fear of export loss has discouraged many Asian countries to test and/or approve new GM food crops despite their productivity potential. The purpose of this brief is to provide an economic assessment of introducing genetically modified (GM) food crops by considering four populous and growing countries of Asia: India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, and the Philippines. http://www.ifpri.org/pbs/pdf/pbsbrief13.pdf
ASSESSING VULNERABILITY TO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE MAKING RESEARCH USEFUL FOR ADAPTATION DECISIONT MAKING AND POLICY. By Anthony G. Patt, Dagmar Schröter, Richard J. T. Klein and Anne Cristina de la Vega-Leinert with forewords by Hans Joachim Schellnhuber and Rik Leemans, 2008 November. The authors consider assessing the vulnerability of human populations to global environmental change, particularly climate change, as essential to research and international action. This book focuses on several different case studies dealing with issues like sea level rise, vulnerability to changes in ecosystem services, assessing the vulnerability of human health and ‘double exposure’ to climate change and trade liberalization amongst other issues. The book concludes with a structural guide on evaluating vulnerability assessment and guiding research and policy can be linked to reduced vulnerability. Available for purchase at the online Earthscan bookstore. http://www.earthscan.co.uk/?tabid=42777.
GLOBAL CARBON MARKETS: ARE THERE OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA? By Elizabeth Bryan, Wisdom Akpalu, Claudia Ringler, and Mahmud Yesuf. To reduce global emissions and curb the threat of climate change, many countries are participating in carbon trading; imposing national caps on emissions and allowing participant countries to engage in emission trading as well as project-based transactions. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) allows developed countries with greenhouse gas reduction commitments to invest in projects focused on reducing emissions in developing countries, as an alternative to generally more costly emission reductions in their own countries. This brief is based on a paper inspecting Sub-Sarharan Africa’s involvement and constraints in carbon markets and opportunities for expanding Sub-Saharan Africa’s market share. http://www.ifpri.org/pubs/ib/rb15/rb15_13.pdf.
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