https://ictsd.org/ How goods, money, and policy move en Sat, 10 Oct 2026 09:00:00 GMT https://ictsd.org/export-documents-purpose-and-workflow/https://ictsd.org/export-documents-purpose-and-workflow/Sat, 10 Oct 2026 09:00:00 GMTExport documents describe the sale, identify the packed goods, record transport and support customs or payment requirements. https://ictsd.org/trade-value-vs-trade-volume/https://ictsd.org/trade-value-vs-trade-volume/Tue, 08 Sep 2026 09:00:00 GMTTrade value measures imports or exports in money; trade volume measures their price-adjusted movement. https://ictsd.org/anti-dumping-duties-explained/https://ictsd.org/anti-dumping-duties-explained/Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:00:00 GMTAn anti-dumping duty is a trade remedy that may be imposed on specified imports after a formal investigation. https://ictsd.org/balance-of-payments-explained/https://ictsd.org/balance-of-payments-explained/Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:00:00 GMTThe balance of payments is a statistical statement of transactions between an economy's residents and nonresidents during a period. https://ictsd.org/bullwhip-effect-supply-chains/https://ictsd.org/bullwhip-effect-supply-chains/Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:00:00 GMTThe bullwhip effect is the amplification of demand variation as orders travel upstream. https://ictsd.org/commodity-prices-and-inflation/https://ictsd.org/commodity-prices-and-inflation/Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:00:00 GMTCommodity prices can affect inflation directly through food and fuel and indirectly through energy, transport, packaging, metals, fertilizer, and other… https://ictsd.org/comparative-advantage-explained/https://ictsd.org/comparative-advantage-explained/Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:00:00 GMTComparative advantage is the ability to produce something at a lower opportunity cost than another producer. https://ictsd.org/current-account-vs-financial-account/https://ictsd.org/current-account-vs-financial-account/Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:00:00 GMTThe current account records goods, services, primary income, and secondary income between residents and nonresidents. https://ictsd.org/customs-valuation-basics/https://ictsd.org/customs-valuation-basics/Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:00:00 GMTCustoms valuation determines the value used for border purposes, especially when duty is charged as a percentage. https://ictsd.org/exchange-rates-importers-exporters/https://ictsd.org/exchange-rates-importers-exporters/Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:00:00 GMTExchange rates affect importers and exporters by changing the home-currency value of foreign-currency invoices, costs, revenue, assets, and liabilities. https://ictsd.org/free-trade-agreement-basics/https://ictsd.org/free-trade-agreement-basics/Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:00:00 GMTA free trade agreement reduces selected barriers and establishes rules for covered trade among participating economies. https://ictsd.org/harmonized-system-codes/https://ictsd.org/harmonized-system-codes/Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:00:00 GMTHarmonized System codes classify traded goods through an international hierarchy of chapters, headings, and six-digit subheadings developed by the World… https://ictsd.org/how-central-bank-rates-affect-trade/https://ictsd.org/how-central-bank-rates-affect-trade/Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:00:00 GMTCentral-bank rates can affect trade through borrowing costs, domestic demand, investment, working capital, inventory, credit supply, exchange rates,… https://ictsd.org/import-quota-vs-tariff/https://ictsd.org/import-quota-vs-tariff/Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:00:00 GMTA tariff charges imported goods, while an import quota limits the quantity that may enter during a stated period. https://ictsd.org/incoterms-explained/https://ictsd.org/incoterms-explained/Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:00:00 GMTIncoterms® rules are eleven standardized ICC trade terms that allocate specified delivery responsibilities, costs, and risk between seller and buyer in… https://ictsd.org/inflation-vs-currency-depreciation/https://ictsd.org/inflation-vs-currency-depreciation/Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:00:00 GMTInflation is a broad rise in domestic prices over time; currency depreciation is a decline in a currency's value against another currency under a stated… https://ictsd.org/nominal-vs-real-gdp/https://ictsd.org/nominal-vs-real-gdp/Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:00:00 GMTNominal GDP values final domestic production at current prices, so it can rise because output, prices, or both increased. https://ictsd.org/rules-of-origin-explained/https://ictsd.org/rules-of-origin-explained/Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:00:00 GMTRules of origin determine a product's country of origin for a stated legal purpose. https://ictsd.org/safety-stock-vs-buffer-stock/https://ictsd.org/safety-stock-vs-buffer-stock/Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:00:00 GMTSafety stock and buffer stock often both mean inventory held above expected demand to absorb uncertainty. https://ictsd.org/supply-chain-lead-time/https://ictsd.org/supply-chain-lead-time/Sun, 19 Jul 2026 09:00:00 GMTSupply chain lead time is the elapsed time between a clearly defined start and finish, such as accepted order to inventory available.